How ‘-ing’ verbs are made:

1. y ing = ying

play = playing
fly = flying
study = studying

2. e = (drop the e) ing
   If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and add ING.

dance – dancing
fake = faking
rhyme = rhyming

3. ee ing = eeing

see = seeing
flee = fleeing
agree = agreeing

4. ie = ie (drop the ie) ing
   If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.

die = dying
lie = lying
tie = tying

5. c/v/c* = double final c ing
   If the verb ends in a consonant vowel consonant, we double the final consonant and add ING.

run = running
put = putting
stop = stopping

6. If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant vowel consonant, we do not double the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.

Infinitive – ING form
to happen – happening
to enter – entering
to offer – offering
to suffer – suffering

7. We do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X or Y or when the final syllable is not emphasized.

Infinitive – ING form
to fix – fixing
to enjoy – enjoying
to snow – snowing

8. If the verb ends in a stressed vowel R, we double the final R and add ING.

Infinitive – ING form
refer – referring
defer – deferring

9. If the verb ends in an unstressed vowel R, we do not double the final R and add ING.

Infinitive – ING form
to offer – offering
to suffer – suffering
to whisper – whispering